Jeep
Type Division of Chrysler (since 1987)
Founded 1941
Headquarters Toledo, Ohio, USA
Industry Automobile
Products Sport Utility vehicles
Parent Chrysler Holding LLC
Slogan Have fun out there.
Website www.jeep.com
Jeep is an automobile marque (and registered trademark) of Chrysler. It is the
oldest sport utility vehicle (SUV) brand, with Land Rover coming in a close
second.
The word "jeep", uncapitalized, may be used as a generic term for any vehicle of
this shape and function: see genericized trademark.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Origin of the term "jeep"
1.2 The origins of the vehicle: the first jeeps
1.2.1 The M715
1.3 The Jeep marque
1.3.1 AM General
2 Off-Road Abilities
3 jeep related words
3.1 Jeeping
3.2 Jeepers
4 Jeep Events
4.1 The Jeep Jamboree
4.2 Camp Jeep
5 Jeep Model List
5.1 Historical models
5.2 Current models
5.3 Concept vehicles
5.4 Special vehicles
6 Jeeps around the world
7 See also
8 References
9 Footnotes
10 External links
10.1 Official sites
10.2 Other links
History
Origin of the term "jeep"
There are many accounts of the origin of the word "jeep," which have proven
difficult to verify. Probably the most popular notion holds that the vehicle
bore the designation "GP" (for "General Purpose"), which was phonetically
slurred into the word jeep. However, R. Lee Ermey, on his television series Mail
Call, disputes this, saying that the vehicle was designed for specific duties,
was never referred to as "General Purpose", and that the name may have been
derived from Ford's nomenclature referring to the vehicle as GP (G for
government-use, and P to designate its 80-inch wheelbase). "General purpose"
does appear in connection with the vehicle in the WW2 TM 9-803 manual, which
describes the vehicle as "... a general purpose, personnel, or cargo carrier
especially adaptable for reconnaissance or command, and designated as 1⁄4-ton
4x4 truck", and the vehicle is designated a "GP" in TM 9-2800, Standard Military
Motor Vehicles, September 1, 1949, but whether the average jeep-driving GI would
have been familiar with either of these manuals is open to debate.
This account may confuse the jeep with the nickname of another series of
vehicles with the GP designation. The Electro-Motive Division of General Motors,
a maker of railroad locomotives, introduced its "General Purpose" line in 1949,
using the GP tag. These locomotives are commonly referred to as Geeps,
pronounced the same way as "Jeep".
Many, including Ermey, claim that the more likely source of the word comes from
the character Eugene the Jeep in the Thimble Theater (Popeye) comic strip.
Eugene the Jeep is dog-like, can walk through walls and ceilings, climb trees,
fly, and go almost anywhere it wants; it has been suggested that soldiers at the
time were so impressed with the new vehicle's versatility that they informally
named it after the character. The character "Eugene the Jeep" was created in
1936.[1]
The term "jeep" was first commonly used during World War I (19141918) by
soldiers as a slang word for new recruits and for new unproven vehicles. This is
according to a history of the vehicle for an issue of the U.S. Army magazine,
Quartermaster Review, which was written by Maj. E. P. Hogan. He went on to say
that the slang word "jeep" had these definitions as late as the start of World
War II.
"Jeep" had been used as the name of a small tractor made by Modine.
The term "jeep" would eventually be used as slang to refer to an airplane, a
tractor used for hauling heavy equipment, and an autogyro. When the first models
of the jeep came to Camp Holabird for tests, the vehicle did not have a name
yet. Therefore the soldiers on the test project called it a jeep. Civilian
engineers and test drivers who were at the camp during this time were not aware
of the military slang term. They most likely were familiar with the character
Eugene the Jeep and thought that Eugene was the origin of the name. The vehicle
had many other nicknames at this time such as Peep and Pygmy and Blitz-Buggy,
although because of the Eugene association, Jeep stuck in people's minds better
than any other term.
Words of the Fighting Forces by Clinton A. Sanders, a dictionary of military
slang, published in 1942, in the library at The Pentagon gives this definition:
Jeep: A four-wheel drive car of one-half to one-and-one-half ton capacity for
reconnaissance or other army duty. A term applied to the bantam-cars, and
occasionally to other motor vehicles (U.S.A.) in the Air Corps, the Link
Trainer; in the armored forces, the ½ ton command car. Also referred to as "any
small plane, helicopter, or gadget."
Early in 1941, Willys-Overland demonstrated the vehicle's ability by having it
drive up the U.S. Capitol steps, driven by Willy's test driver Irving "Red"
Haussman, who had recently heard soldiers at Fort Holabird calling it a "jeep".
When asked by syndicated columnist Katherine Hillyer for the Washington Daily
News (or by a bystander, according to another account) what it was called,
Irving answered, "It's a jeep."
Katherine Hillyer's article was published on February 20, 1941 around the nation
and included a picture of the vehicle with the caption:
LAWMAKERS TAKE A RIDE- With Senator Meade, of New York, at the wheel, and
Representative Thomas, of New Jersey, sitting beside him, one of the Army's new
scout cars, known as "jeeps" or "quads", climbs up the Capitol steps in a
demonstration yesterday. Soldiers in the rear seat for gunners were unperturbed.
This exposure caused all other jeep references to fade, leaving the 4x4 truck
with the name.
Willys-Overland Inc. was later awarded the sole privilege of owning the name
"Jeep" as registered trademark, by extension, merely because it originally had
offered the most powerful engine.
(Compare "mayhem" and "commando" for words which changed their main meanings
because of newspaper misunderstandings.)
The origins of the vehicle: the first jeeps
Bantam BRC 40
Dashboard of WWII jeepThe first jeep prototype (the Bantam BRC) was built for
the Department of the Army by American Bantam in Butler, Pennsylvania, followed
by two other competing prototypes produced by Ford and Willys-Overland. The
American Bantam Car Company actually built and designed the vehicle that first
met the Army's criteria, but its engine did not meet the Army's torque
requirements. Plus, the Army felt that the company was too small to supply the
number needed and it allowed Willys and Ford to make second attempts on their
designs after seeing Bantam's vehicle in action. Some people believe that Ford
and Willys also had access to Bantam's technical paperwork.
Quantities (1,500) of each of the three models were then extensively field
tested. During the bidding process for 16,000 "jeeps", Willys-Overland offered
the lowest bid and won the initial contract. Willys thus designed what would
become the standardized jeep, designating it a model MB military vehicle and
building it at their plant in Toledo, Ohio.
Like American Bantam, Willys-Overland was a small company and, likewise, the
military was concerned about their ability to produce large quantities of jeeps.
The military was also concerned that Willys-Overland had only one manufacturing
facility: something that would make the supply of jeeps more susceptible to
sabotage or production stoppages.
Based on these two concerns, the U.S. government required that jeeps also be
built by the Ford Motor Company, who designated the vehicle as model GPW (G =
governmental vehicle, P showed the wheelbase, and W = the Willys design). Willys
and Ford, under the direction of Charles E. Sorensen (Vice-President of Ford
during World War II), produced more than 600,000 jeeps. Besides just being a
"truck" the jeep was used for many other purposes.
The jeep was widely copied around the world, including in France by Hotchkiss et
Cie (after 1954, Hotchkiss manufactured Jeeps under licence from Willys), and by
Nekaf in the Netherlands. There were several versions created, including a
railway jeep and an amphibious jeep. As part of the war effort, Jeeps were also
supplied to the Soviet Red Army during World War II.
In the United States military, the jeep has been supplanted by a number of
vehicles (e.g. Ford's M151 MUTT) of which the latest is the High Mobility
Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV or "Humvee").
The M715
In 1965, Jeep developed the M715 1 and 1/4 ton army truck, which served
extensively in Vietnam. Today it serves other countries, and is being produced
by Kia under license.
Jeep M715
The Jeep marque
The marque has gone through many owners, starting in 1941 with Willys, which
produced the first Civilian Jeep (CJ). Willys was sold to Kaiser in 1953, which
became Kaiser-Jeep in 1963. American Motors (AMC) purchased Kaisers
money-losing Jeep operations in 1970. The utility vehicles complemented AMCs
passenger car business by sharing components, achieving volume efficiencies, as
well as capitalizing on Jeeps international and government markets.
The French automaker Renault began investing in AMC in 1979. However, by 1987,
the automobile markets had changed and even Renault itself was experiencing
financial troubles. At the same time, Chrysler Corporation wanted to capture the
Jeep brand, as well as other assets of AMC. Chrysler bought out AMC in 1987,
shortly after the Jeep CJ was replaced with the AMC-designed Jeep Wrangler or YJ.
Chrysler merged with Daimler-Benz in 1998 to form DaimlerChrysler.
DaimlerChrysler eventually sold most of their interest in Chrysler to a private
equity company in 2007. Chrysler and the Jeep division now operate under the
name Chrysler Holding LLC.
Toledo, Ohio has been the headquarters of the Jeep marque since its inception,
and the city has always been proud of this heritage. Although no longer produced
in the same factory as the World War II originals, two streets in the vicinity
of the old plant are named Willys Parkway and Jeep Parkway.
American Motors set up the first automobile-manufacturing joint venture in the
People's Republic of China on January 15, 1984 [2]. The result was Beijing Jeep
Corporation, Ltd., in partnership with Beijing Automobile Industry Corporation,
to produce the Jeep Cherokee (XJ) in Beijing. Manufacture continued after
Chrysler's buyout of AMC. This joint venture is now part of DaimlerChrysler and
DaimlerChrysler China Invest Corporation. The original 1984 XJ model was updated
and called the "Jeep 2500" toward the end of its production that ended after
2005.[3]
Jeep vehicles have "model designations" in addition to their common names.
Nearly every civilian Jeep until the mid-2000's has a 'xJ' designation, though
not all are as well-known as the classic CJ. Chrysler has now changed to an "xK"
designation.
A division of Chrysler Holdings, the most recent successor company to Willys,
now holds trademark status on the word "Jeep" and the distinctive 7-slot front
grille design. The original 9-slot grille associated with all WW2 jeeps was
designed by Ford for their GPW, and because it weighed less than the original
"Slat Grille" of Willys, (an arrangement of flat bars) was incorporated into the
"Standardized jeep" design.
AM General
The history of the Humvee has ties with Jeep. In 1971, Jeep's Defense and
Government Products Division was turned into AM General, a wholly-owned
subsidiary of American Motors Corporation, which also owned Jeep. In 1979, while
still owned by American Motors, AM General began the first steps toward
designing the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle. AM General also
continued manufacturing the DJ, which Jeep created in 1953.
Off-Road Abilities
Please help improve this section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for
expansion. (November 2007)
Jeeps have always been known for their abilities off-road, and their popularity
endures[4]. Today, the Wrangler is the only light-duty vehicle offered in North
America with solid axles front and rear. These axles are known for their
durability due to their overall strength and lack of rubber boots to get torn on
twigs and rocks. Solid-axled vehicles also generally articulate better,
especially when traversing ruts. Even the two wheel drive models are equipped
with "solid" axles in the front. Another plus of solid axle vehicles is they
tend to be easier and cheaper to "lift". This "lifting" increases the distance
between the center of the axle hub and body of the vehicle. By increasing this
distance, larger tires can be installed, which will increase the ground
clearance of the Jeep, allowing it to traverse even larger and more difficult
obstacles. Jeep is also known as a symbol of freedom because of the capacity of
going almost everywhere, although many people equip theirs with roll-bars, extra
lights, and maybe a winch, which is the motorized cable in the front (or,
rarely, rear) that is anchored to a nearby tree (or other fixed object) to pull
the vehicle out from the mud or sand when stuck.
jeep related words
Jeeping
Jeeping is a popular verb used to describe the action and effect of driving a
jeep (mostly on hard and difficult enviroments), wich was created to describe a
different meaning to just driving a jeep on the street.
Jeepers
jeeper is the name given to someone who owns and "drives" a jeep, when "driving"
its refered to use the vehicle for the propouse it was made: off-road.
Jeep Events
The Jeep Jamboree
Jamborees are two-day off-road events held throughout the year in which Jeep
owners can bring their friends and families to meet other Jeepers, tour scenic
trails, and test the limits of their vehicles. Any Jeep with a low-range
transfer case is allowed, although Full Size Jeeps require prior approval. Only
registered participants are allowed to take part in the trail rides and
activities; no spectators are allowed. Participants can choose to camp at a
local campground, stay in a motel, or find other lodging. The day starts off
with breakfast, followed by a general meeting that discusses the trail of the
day, as well as the driving techniques required. The trail run is concluded by
sundown. Thirty Jamborees are planned for 2008.
Camp Jeep
Camp Jeep is an annual, two-day, multi-activity oriented event which includes
mountain biking, fishing, kayaking, tubing, arts and crafts, and performances by
top bands. Children are encouraged to participate as much as adults (events
permitting). Man-made obstacle courses are also offered, as well as trail rides
(although the latter must be reserved in advance). "Jeep 101" courses are
offered for people just getting started in the off-road world, with experienced
guides demonstrating proper driving techniques and the vehicles' 4x4 systems.
There is no actual camping at Camp Jeep; participants may camp locally or stay
at a motel.
Jeep Model List
A subsidiary of Chrysler LLC Jeep road vehicle timeline, 1945-present v d e
Type 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Traditional CJ-2A CJ-3A CJ-3B CJ-7/8 Wrangler YJ Wrangler TJ Wrangler JK
CJ-5/6
CJ-10 LJ
Dispatcher DJ-3A DJ-5/6
Crossover FJ-3/3A Compass MK
Patriot MK
Compact SUV VJ C101 C104 Cherokee/Wagoneer XJ Liberty KJ Liberty KK
SUV Wagoneer/Cherokee SJ G Wagoneer G Cherokee ZJ G Cherokee WJ G Cherokee WK
Willys Jeep Wagon Commander XK
Pickup Willys Jeep Truck Comanche MJ
Gladiator Honcho/J10-20 Series
Truck Forward Control
Historical models
Historical Jeep models:
1940 Bantam Pilot- Prototype
1940 Bantam BRC-60- Prototype
1940 Willys Quad- Prototype
1940 Ford Pygmy- Prototype
1940 Budd Ford- Prototype
1941 Ford GP
1941 Willys MA
1941 Bantam BRC-40
1942 Willys MB (slat grille)
WWII Willys jeep1942-1945 Willys MB (stamped grille)
1942-1945 Ford GPW
WWII jeep built by Ford, using the Willys-Overland design1942-1943 Ford GPA
1944 Willys MLW-1- Prototype (Never Finished)
1944 Willys MLW-2- Prototype
1944 Agrijeep CJ-1
1944-1945 CJ-2
1945-1949 CJ-2A
1946-1965 Willys Jeep Wagon
1947-1965 Willys Jeep Truck
1948-1950 VJ Willys Jeepster
1949-1953 CJ-3A
1950 CJ-V35
1950-1955 M-38 (MC)
1950 X-98- Prototype
1950 CJ-4- Prototype
1950 CJ-4M- Prototype
1950 CJ-4MA- Prototypes
1952-1957 M38A1 (MD)
1952-1957 M38A1C
1953-1963 M170
1953-1968 CJ-3B
1953 BC Bobcat- Prototype
1954-1983 CJ-5
1961-1963 Tuxedo Park Mark III
1969 Camper
1969 462
1970 Renegade I
1971 Renegade II
1972-1983 Renegade Models
1973 Super Jeep
1977-1983 Golden Eagle
1977 Golden Eagle California Edition - limited production that were only
available through California AMC Dealerships
1979 Silver Anniversary CJ-5 Limited Edition - estimated that perhaps only 1,000
were ever built
1955 USAF DJ
1955 M38A1D
1955-1975 CJ-6
1955-1964 DJ-3A
Surrey Gala Package
1955-1968 CJ-3B Long- Spain
1956-1965 Jeep Forward Control
FC-150
FC-160- Spain, India
FC-170
M676
M677
M678
M679
1959-1978 M151 MUTT
M151A1
M151A1C
M151A2
M718 Ambulance
M718A1 Ambulance
M825
1960-1968 Jeep M606
1960-1977 Jeep Rural- Brazil
1961-1975 Fleetvan
FJ-3
FJ-3A
FJ-6
FJ-6A
FJ-8
FJ-9
1963-1983 SJ Wagoneer
1963-1986 J-Series
Jeep Gladiator
Jeep Honcho
1964-1967 CJ-5A/CJ-6A Tuxedo Park
1965-1975 DJ-5
1965-1973 DJ-6
1966-1969 SJ Super Wagoneer
1966-1971 C101- Jeepster Commando
1972-1973 C104 Jeep Commando
1974-1983 SJ Cherokee
1974 Cherokee S in action.
S
Limited
Classic
Chief
Sport
Pioneer
Laredo
1967-1975 DJ-5A
1970-1972 DJ-5B
1973-1974 DJ-5C
1975-1976 DJ-5D
1976 DJ- 5E Electruck
1976-1986 CJ-7
1982 Jamboree Limited Edition (2500 examples)
1977-1978 DJ-5F
1979 DJ-5G
1979 CJ-5 Silver Anniversary Limited Edition - estimated that perhaps only
1000 were built)
1981-1985 CJ-8 Scrambler
1981 Jeep Scrambler1981-1985 CJ-10
1982 DJ- 5L
1984-1991 SJ Jeep Grand Wagoneer
1991 Final Edition
1984-2001 XJ Cherokee
1984-2001 Base "SE"
1984-1988 Chief
1984-1990 Pioneer
1985-1992 Laredo
1987-1992/1998-2001 Limited
1988-2001 Sport
1991-1992 Briarwood
1993-1997 Country
1996-2001 Classic
1984-1990 XJ Wagoneer
1984-1985 Broughwood
1984-1990 Limited
1986-1992 MJ Comanche
1986 Custom
1986 X
1986 XLS
1987-1992 Base SE
1987-1990 Chief
1987-1992 Laredo
1987-1990 Pioneer
1987-1992 SporTruck
1987-1992 Eliminator
1987-1995 Wrangler YJ
1991-1993 Renegade
1988-1995 Wrangler Long- Venezuela
1993-1998 ZJ Grand Cherokee
First generation ZJ
19931995 Base SE
19931998 Laredo
19931998 Limited
19951997 Orvis "Limited Edition"
19971998 TSi
1998 - 5.9 Limited
1993 ZJ Jeep Grand Wagoneer
1997-2006 Wrangler TJ
1997 Jeep Wrangler TJ
2002 TJ Long
2003 TJ Rubicon
2004 TJ Unlimited
2004 Columbia Edition
1999-2004 WJ Grand Cherokee
20022003 Sport
20022004 Special edition
20022004 Overland
2004 Columbia Edition
Current models
The Jeep brand currently produces six models:
Jeep Wrangler
JK The current version of the Wrangler, released as a 2007 model.
JK The long wheelbase, 4-door version of the 2007 Wrangler.
Jeep Grand Cherokee Large family-oriented SUV.
WK The newest Grand Cherokee, 2005-present ("WK" is the designator for the new
Grand Cherokee, it is one of the few non-J-designated Jeeps).
2005present Laredo
2005present Limited
2006present Overland
2006present SRT-8
Jeep Liberty KJ A small SUV (replaced the Cherokee and kept the name outside
North America).
Jeep Commander XK Newest model in the Jeep line, it is a seven passenger
SUV.
Jeep Compass A small crossover SUV based on the Dodge Caliber.
Jeep Patriot A small SUV based on the Dodge Caliber.
Concept vehicles
1958 DJ-3A Pickup
1970 XJ001
1970 XJ002
1971 Jeep Cowboy
1977 Jeep II
1986 Cherokee Targa
1987 Comanche Thunderchief
1989 Jeep Rubicon Wrangler
1990 Jeep JJ
1990 Jeep Freedom
1991 Jeep Wagoneer 2000
1992 Jeep Concept 1
1993 Jeep Ecco
1997 Jeep Cherokee Casablanca
1997 Jeep Wrangler Ultimate Rescue
1997 Fender Jeep Wrangler
1997 Jeep Dakar
1997 Jeep Icon
1999 Jeep Journey
1999 Jeep Jeepster Concept
2000 Jeep Cherokee Total Exposure
2000 Jeep Varsity
2000 Jeep Commander Concept
2000 Jeep Willys
2001 Jeep Willys 2
2002 Jeep Wrangler Tabasco
2002 Jeep Wrangler Patriot
2002 Jeep Wrangler Mountain Biker
2004 Jeep Treo
2004 Jeep Rescue
2004 Jeep Liberator CRD
2005 Jeep Hurricane
2005 Jeep Gladiator Concept
2005 Jeep Aggressor (the Rezo)
2007 Jeep Trailhawk
Special vehicles
1958 Oscar-Mayer Wienermobile
Jeeps around the world
Jeeps have been built and/or assembled around the world by various companies.[5]
Argentina - IKA Jeeps 1956-current; now owned by Chrysler [6]
Australia - Willys Motors Australia - 1940s-1980s [7]
Belgium -
Brazil - Willys Overland do Brasil, purchased by Ford - 1957-1985 [8]
Canada - Kaiser Jeep - 1959-1969[9]
China - Beijing Jeep Corporation - 1983 to present as Beijing-Benz
DaimlerChrysler Automotive
Columbia - Willys Columbia - at least until 1999 [10]
Egypt -
France - Hotchkiss and Auverland - 1952-1962 [11]
India - Mahindra & Mahindra Limited - 1960s-current [12]
Israel -
Italy - 1950s [13]
Japan - Mitsubishi Jeeps - 1953-1998 [14]
Korea - Asia Motors, Ltd and SsangYong Motor Company. (don't use Jeep name) -
1980s-current [15]
Mexico - VAM Jeeps - 1946-1987 [16]
Netherlands - Nederlandse Kaiser-Frazer - 1954-1990s [17]
Philippines - Jeepneys [18]; MD Juan
Portugal - Bravia - 1960s-1980s
Spain - VIASA, later sold to Nissan - 1960-1990s [19]
Turkey - Tuzla - 1954-1970s [20]
See also
AMC/Jeep Transmissions
American Motors
Jeep four wheel drive systems
Jeep trail
Jeepney
SUV and Compact SUV
Willys
Jeep parade
References
Jeep, written by Jim Allen, published in 2001 by MBI Publishing Company
Standard catalog of JEEP, written by Patrick Foster, published in 2003 by Krause
Publications
Footnotes
^ Wordorigins.org
^ Mann, Jim. (1997). Beijing Jeep: A Case Study of Western Business in China.
Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-3327-X.
^ Dunne, Timothy. "Can Chrysler Rebound in China?" Business Week, November 2,
2007. Retrieved on January 22, 2008.
^ Toledo-built Jeeps' sales results abroad mirror those in North American market
^ Jeeps Around the World on The CJ3B Page
^ Jeeps in Argentina on The CJ3B Page
^ Jeeps in Australia on The CJ3B Page
^ Jeeps in Brasil on The CJ3B Page
^ Kaiser Jeep in Canada 1959-69 on The CJ3B Page
^ Jeeps in Colombia on The CJ3B Page
^ Jeeps in France on The CJ3B Page
^ Mahindra Jeeps on The CJ3B Page
^ Jeeps in Italy on The CJ3B Page
^ Jeeps in Japan on The CJ3B Page
^ Jeeps in Korea on The CJ3B Page
^ Jeeps in Mexico on The CJ3B Page
^ Jeeps in the Netherlands on The CJ3B Page
^ Jeepneys of the Philippines on The CJ3B Page
^ Jeeps in Spain on The CJ3B Page
^ Jeeps in Turkey on The CJ3B Page
External links
Official sites
Jeep Brand Official Web Site
Jeep Australia Official Web Site
Jeep Canada Official Web Site
Chrysler LLC Official Web Site
DaimlerChrysler Official Web Site
Jeep Brand Official UK Web Site
Other links
Ford GPW & Willys MB
International Full Size Jeep Association
JeepTruck.com
Mobile Jeep Club
AMC Jeep CJ-7
Concept Jeeps
Project-JK Death Valley Racetrack Run 2007
Jeep History - Little Known Facts, ID Charts & Model Year Changes
Autobiography of a jeep (historical)
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